Electrical operation and control of machine tools



Sept. 4, 1928. y 1,683,581

J..c. sHAw ELECTRICAL OPERATION AND CONTROL OF MACHINE TOOLS vF/GJ,

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Sept. 4, 1928. 1,683,581

J. c. sHAw 'EpscrnxcAL OPERATION Ann common or MACHINE Toons Filed Maron 4, 1924' 11 Smets-Sheet 2 TOR.

ATTORNEY.

septn 4, 192s. l 1,683,581

J. C. SHAW ELECTRICAL OPERATION AND CONTROL 0F MACHINE TOOLS Filed March 4, 1924 l 11 Sheets-Sheet 3:

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- ATTORNEY.

Sept. 4, 1928. 1,683,581

J. c. sHAw ELEcTRIcAL OPERATION mi CONTROL oF Mmmm: Toons Filed March 4, 1924 11 sheets-Sheet 5 l//lll/l//llll/lll//llI/In Kimm:

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' J. C, SHAW ELECTRICAL OPERATION AND CONTROL OF MACHINE TOOLS 'Filed March 4, 1924 11 Sheets-sheet 1o 26-*1 la# w 3,46 I

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' J. c. sHAw ELECTRICAL OPERATION AND CONTROL MACHINE TOOLS Filed March 4, 1924 11 snee'ts-sneet. 11

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INV To ATToNEx Patented Sept.. 4, 1928.

UNITED e :STATES- YORK,

PATENT OFFICE.

JOHN C. SHAW, OF BROOKLYN,'NEW YORK, SSIGNOR '.IEO KEIJLER MECHANICAL ENGI- NEERING CORPORATION, OESROOXLYN, NEW YORK A. CORPORATION OF NEW ELECTRICAL ornnarrron um conrnor. or4 ummm Toons.

application nea-nimh 4, 1924. smal No. 696,827.

This invention relates more particularlyAV to metal cutting machine tools, in which screw operatedl motions are provided for relative movement between the work and a suitable cut-ter or mill, the movements being in the three coordinate planes or in three rectilinear directions at right angles to each other; and my improvement provides electricimotors for operating the respective movements, together with electro-magnetic clutches and electric controlling contact relays and circuits, deter-l chine tool is shown in the accompanymg drawings, which show the construction, mechanical details and wiring connections for my improved die sinking machine. Fig. 1

' shows afront elevation of my improved malchine; F1g. 2 shows a transverse vertlcal sec' tion on the line 22 of Fig. 1Fi0'.3 shows a side elevation of the machine, loo right end; Fig. 4 is a detail section on the line 4.-'-4 of Fig. 1; Fig. 5 is a top plan view par-` tially broken away; Fig. 6 is a horizontal section through the clutch case for drivingV -the horizontal slide; Fig. 7 is a horizontal section of Athe gear case for the horizontal drive, the section being taken on the line 7--7 of Fig .-8; Fig8 is a vertical section'through the gearcase, on the line 8-8 of Figs. 5 and 7; Fig. 9 is a vertical transverse sectiouon the line 9-9 of Fig. 8; Fig. V10 is a horizontal section through the horizontal feedcontactor the section beln taken on the line 10-10of Figs.- 1 and 11; ig. 11 is aside view ofthe feed contacter, partially in section onthe line 11-11 of Fig. 10; Fig. 12 is a diagram of the feed contactor; Fig. 13 is a front elevation, partially in section Von the line 13-13 of Fig. 14, of the magnetic clutch drive for the transverse slide; Fig. 14 is a horizontal section of the clutch case, on the line 14-14 machine, and comprlses a at thel o f Fig. 13; Fivl is a sectional detail on the Ime 15- 15 of 1g. 14; Fig. 16 is a longitudi nal vertical section throughthe tracer on the h ne 16-16` of Fig. 17 Fi 17 is a.- front e1evatlon of the tracer head; ig. 18 is a front elevation in section-on the line 18-18 of Fig. 16.

and partially in section on the line 1 8-18`of Fig. 19;'Fig. 19 is a brokenaway side elevation, showing details of the balancing spring adjustment Fig. 20 is a small sectional detail on the line 20-20 of Fig.`17 Fig. 21 is a front elevation .showing the dial ofthe drum switch; Fig. 22 is a side elevation of the drum switch; Fig. 23 is a transverse section of the drum switch on the vline 23-23 of Fig. 22; 7h

24shows awirin diagram of the elec trical connections wit conventional representation of various switches and rela s and a development of the drum switch; ig. 25

shows a. front elevation ofthe contouring Y tracer, one contact brush being shown in section; Fig. 26 shows a artiallyA broken away vertical sectionc-on the e 26- 26 of Fi .25; Fig. 27 shows a horizontal longitudin section of the contourino` tracer on the line 27s-27 of Fi. 25 and Fig. 28 shows a diagram indicating t tracer.

This'machine which is sometimes referred f to Vas an engraving or die sinking machine, is, 1n princip e of operation a type of milling bedcastinglOl, (see Figs. 1, Band 5) the rear portion 102 of which is provided with T-slots 103 for holding the work A or a date or bracket for supporting the workan the gattern o r model B to be reproduced. ,The ont of the bed 101,'being in a horizontal plane, is provided with horie/operation of the contouring zontal'slide-ways 104, parallel to the plane of i the work supportinV horizontally movable a slide 105 carryin a column 10c, ri diy attached thereto. (im

late (and to the T. slots 103) upon whic t ere is a mounted and face of this` co umn- 106, lying transversely of the horizontal bed 101, is machined to form vertical slide-ways 107 for a vertical slide or saddle 108. The saddlel108, which is adapted to slide up or down onthe vertical slide-ways 1U( is. made with a rojecting shelf 109 along the lower edge, an both the upper face 110 of the shelf and the vertical, face 111 of the saddle, at right an les to the shelf, are machined to form ways or a horizontally moving transverse slide on which to' pinion "pair of 'ann are' mounted the spindle 113, carrying the cutter or mill 114 and a bracket 115 for supporting` the "tracer 265, having' tracer point v 116, as -well as a motor 11'( 'for rotating the n cutter 'indle' 113.

It W' be ,seen thatthis arrangement p roduces a machineywhich rovides for a `horizontalmotion,lright oreft; a'vertical mo;v

tion, 'up o'r down, and a horizontal transverse l motion at-right -angles'to the first mentioned horizontal motion, which ma be designated. as `an in 'and out 'motion,wit .respect to the work Ab and pattern' B. The three slides'105,

' 108 and 112, previously'described are heldto l their respective slideways-by means of suit# able gib plates'provided'yvith adjustable taper gibs, in the usual manner. -Motions or move# ments of the respective slides, horizontally, 'vertically andtransversely, are *obtained by meansiofleadscreyvsrotatably mounted in bearings attached to the bed'or to the respective ways and- 'operating the various slides through suitablescrew nuts attached to the tiv'eslic'les.

-l e verticali moving' slide 'or'saddle 108 which carries t e transverse slide 112, .upon which the' cutterhead 114 and tracer 265 (tracer (point 116) are mounted, 'is'counter- 'balance by means, of a counter-weight 118' (Fig-1) operating onslide-Ways 119 onthe c0lumnl06 and attached'to'the saddle slide 108 by a chain 120, passing over a sheave wheel or pulley-121 at the top' of the column. Power 1s suppliedto 'each of the three lead screws by' suita le 'gearing and motor driven 1.1 1agn'etic"clutches, these will be described hereafter, the horizontal drive mechanism. being.v described first, as follows: (SeeFigs. 1, 45, 6, to 9). The glearingand clutches o er.-

atin the columns 'de '1 brac ets or extensions'ftlie bed, at one end (the left in Figrl) of the slide-Way 104, and are drivenby an electricimotor122 located 'Y at the rear of the end oftheslideway portion of theibedV 101. The motor 122 1s: conv nected throu ha pair of spur gears 123 and 124 to one en of a short horizontal-shaft 125 (Fig: 6).' rotating' iny suitable bearings v126 'and carrying i'iplgrits opposite end a bevel bevel pinion engages a A u'lar or-ring bevel gears128 and 129, "eaclrmounted upon and secured to a 4magnetic clutchf130 and 131. It willthus A be seenythat the plinion 127 rotated by the es ears 128-129 wi rotatethe two magnetic utches'130+131,.which .face each other, in

opposite"-directions.` Thema" etic clutches'4 130-'131 rotate upon quills 1-3 and 133,l carried by the clutch gear case 1'34'and areuheld o0 in place by suitable thrust bearngs'135-136f Between the faces ofthese clutches and slidably keyed upon a shaft 137, which extends thro'ugh and has its bearings in the 'above mentioned 65. faced 'armature' 138, which i 05 are supporte on4 quills -1329116. 133, a double, s permitted a,

small amount of lateral p'lay between the clutch faces, so that when either'clutch mag -net 130 or 131 is energized, it will attract tho A disc armature 138 and hold itandthe shaft 137 to "rotate in unison with' the' energized 'clutch magnet, Thecurrentfor energizing the clutch magnets is supplied to them throu h .carbon brushes 1 39,supported on the clutc i case 134, and bearinvagalnst insulated collector rings '140vcarred bythe. shells 'ofthe respective magnetic clutches.' vBoth 'end's'ofrthe-armxi; v.ture s'ha't 137 referred to, extend beyond the gearcase 134, and the rear end 137.' of thc armature shaft carries-another similar disc' armature l141 slidably 'keyed thereto and adapted to coo rate with a brake'magnet. 142, substantia y similar to the clutch magnets '13G-4131, reviusly described, except that it isrigid y mounted at 143 .upon tie outside of the frame of the clutclrcase. This last mentionedbrake magnet 142 and its a'ssoy ciateddisc armature141eonstitutesamagnetic brake,-for reventing over-travel ofth'e horizontal lea screw, in either direction-,and is' so electricall connected,'by'suitable circuits and relays, see wiring diagrampIFiff. 24) as 'to bebrought into operation when the magnetic clutches 130-131 are out of operation that is, the brake ma et is energized at ali times whenthe clutc magnets are deener'- gized, and the brake'magnet is always deener gized when either one or the other of the magnetic-clutches in the clutch case 134'is energized.' By this arrangement,itwi1l be seen 1W that the brake ma et-.willinstantl'ystop the armature shaft w en either of-.the magnetic l 'clutches is released, thereby preventing the momentum of armature shaft from causing 'over travel ofthe column slide; 105.

37, which vThe end of the armatureshaft 1 extends toward the frontlofthemachne, that is, ,the end'jopposite thebrakepmagnet, is connected-to a` stubv shaft 144V projecting l fromand havin bearings'inf-the changegear 11n case=154l (Fig. This stub shaft, within the case, carries a worm 146,"cooperat1ng-with.

'e a worm yvheel147 mounted upon a horiczontal-shaft148 at ri ht angles to the worm 'or stub .shaft"144.- e front end'of1 the stub or-worm shaft 144, beyond the worm 146 (Figs: 7 and 9)z carries-a bevel pinion 149 a which meshes -wlth abevel ear' 150'secured 'to a horizontally disposed eeve 151'rotating .o n ashaft 152, having a bearin i at' 153 in the change gear case 154, the en of this 'sleeve being provided with teeth 155 to form -one member of a jaw. clutch.. The axis, of shaft 1 52 coincides with the axisl of thehorizontal lead screw, (163). Y Y

The previously mentioned shaft 148, carrying the-worin whee1'147 is parallel to the 'afxis of the last mentioned ,Y 'vel arsleeve and jawclutch member 151 and t Ais Worxnwheeld '1 v -shaft 148 carries a`spur gear 156 upon ite'lao end ca i ates another spur gear 157 mounted k-ls upon and secured to a rotating sleeve 158, in axial alignment with the clutch sleeve d,151, the lend of this sleeve 158 being providedvwith jaw clutch teeth 159. The twolast mentioned spur ars 156 and 157, are mounted on their resp tive shaft and sleeve so that they may be readily removed and replaced by other gears of different ratios,

Kso asto permit operation of the machine at various rates of speed, as may be required or best adapted to the work in hand.

Passing through the two sleeves 151 and 158, provided with jaw clutch teeth 155 and 159, is the shaft 152, previously mentioned, which has bearings in bushings carried. by the sleeves 158 and the casing at 153,the central portion of this shaft being providedlwith a doubleended jaw clutch spool 160', slidably mounted thereon and held to rotate with the shaft by suitable keys, such as 161 (Fig. 7). This spool clutch member 160 may be shifted longitudinally of its shaft so that it may engage with either the sleeve 151 lof thebevel gear or the sleeve. 158 carrying the spur change gear 157. By this construction, two widely different gear ratios between the armatureshaft 137 and the horizontal lead screw 163 is obtained. When the clutch spool 160 is in engagement with the bevel gear sleeve 151, the clutch spool shaft 152 is driven at a much higher rate of speed th'an when the clutch spool is in engagement with the sleeve 158 carrying the spur change .gear 157 which as previousl explained, derives its slower motion througli the worm 146 and worm wheel 147.

-The shaft 152 carrying the clutch spool 160 is connected by ymeans of a couphng 162,

ings 164 (see Fig. 1) on the front side of the bed 101, and, as previously explained, oper-I ates the column slide 105.

The double ended jaw clutch spool 160, for determinin fast or slow movement o the horizontal ead screw 163, is operated longitudinall to engage one or the other of with various interlock switches 171, (Fig: 24) referred to hereinafter, in explaining .the electrical e uipment.

Geared, il] 176 or through 172,173, 174 and 177 (Figs. 10 and 11)', to, the slow speed clutch sleeve 158, which drives the spool clutch shaft ,152,

and threby the lead sc l'eW 163,- there isv a small shaft i178, rotatably mounted in a cs.

ing 17 9 supported by a bracketV 180 `n the change gear case 154. This small shaft is rotated by one or the other of intermediate rough gears 172, 173, 174 175. i

change speed gears' 176 or 177, two of the pre-V i viously mentioned gears which are of differ"- V801 I to a sleeve 181, keyed and ,slidably'mouuted'f ent size.- The gears 176 and 177 aresecued on the small shaft 178 and shiftabletoengago gear 17 7 with gear 174 or gear' 17 6T vwith gear 175, thus providing for two speeds. The small shaft 178 carries a plurality of toothed discs 182, the teeth 183 of which are camshaped, and each disc is provided with a diferent number of teeth.A Above or at onev side of the. discs is a rod 184 supported in the frame 179 and carrying a correspondingplurality of contact levers 185, cooperating with the respective toothed cam discs 182, for con trolling the step by step feed of the column slide-'105.

The contact levers185 carrying contacts 186 are adapted to be held-by springs 187 in Y circuit closing contact with screws 188, mounted in bars 189, of insulating material,

each of which is connected by a lead wire 190 (Eig. 12) with one of aseries of contact heads 191, mounted on a disc 192 of'insulating material. A rotatable finger 193 isprovided for completing the circuit,'24 of wiring diagram Fig. 24, through any of the contact heads 1 91 according to theamolmt of step lill by step feedrequired which, of course, is def Y tex-mined by the number ofgteeth on the correspondingdisc 182.

The teeth of the discs 182 and the spaces therebetween are equal so that the contacts of the respective contactlevers 185 are held closed or open during the same 'amount of f rotationof the shaft 178 and, hence, for the same feedor rotation ofthe feed screw 163. The contact levers 185 control ,the` relay 302,

` the clutch s eeves 15b-e158, by meansjof fwhich, through the reversing switch 296 (as Y shoes 165 mounted in a fork 166 on the end ,spring 168, with the spool clutch jaws in enof a lever 167. Normally this clutch throw lever is held by means of a compression gagement with the slow speed clutch sleeve `158-carrying the change gear 157, and the trical connections, at either end of its throw,

described later), controls the energizing fof ma `etie clutches 130,131, so that 'the latter wiliect step b Ystep feed. The armature `current of the re ay 302, through-the reversv'I'his'cani'dis-c and contact lever mechanism, just described, is called the horizontal feed `contactor, and, when in operat1on, controls the horizontal ste by step .f eed either tothe right or to the eft. -A suitabledial .194, and knurled button '195 are provided for selecting the contact carrying-lever and disc giving the requiredamount of feed and, by turning the knurled button to different positions, one or another of the plurality of cam toothed discs may be brought into operation to control the step by step feed.

When the maehxneis operated t'ocut hori- 4zontally of the work, the column slide 105 is rcciprocated longitudinally of the bed, first in one direction and then in theother.- The amount of movement in either direction is limited by the reversing dogs 200 that are mounted on` the bar 201, secured by bracket arms202 on the front side of bed 101.

These reversing doors 200 are -somounted 'as to' be adjustable longltudinallyover en- 197 of the contacter 196 isheld centrall by. .means of springs 198 (see Fig. 24), the ever disposed closed spring contacts 27-27 and tire length ofthe bar 201.

As will be seen in (Fig.

switch lever 197,.of' the reversing contacter' 196. The reversing contacter. 196 is secured to the column slide 105- This `switch lever being provided with a contact bar 199 cooper'- ating with oppositely disposed leaf spring contacts designated in the wiringdiagram as 7--H and 8-'-`H, which are adapted to shortcircuit one or the other of Aa pair of magnet coils, hereinafter referred to in describing the reversing Switch. Asa matter of safety andto stop movement of theslide 105 in either direction, the upper end`6f the-.lever 197 is provided with a diamond-shaped 'lug' 203, .of insulatinglmaterial, adapted to enter between one or t e other of two oppositely 29-29' (see wiring diagram Fig. .24) located in the circuits of the respectlve clutch magnets 130'-131, controlling'themotion of the column slide. 105. .':By this arrangement, 1t

. will be seen-that excessive throw of the rei described. The saddle or vertical slide 108V versing contacter lever 197 will break the circuit of the magnetic clutch, which at the time is operating the lead screw, and stop themoveme'ntof the column slide 105.

The vertical travel mechanism will now be carried by the column 106 is operated, as pre-V viouslystated, bv a lead screw 204 'carried by the column. This'lead screwis journaled ina bracket casting 205 fastened to the top et the columnand is provided with upper and lower ball thrust bearings which'may be adjusted to eliminate lost motion. .The lower end of the leadscrew 204 in Fig. 4 is con nected bymeans of a lcoupling 206, to a stub shaft 207 carryin a bevel gear 208, which co operates with a' vel gear 209 mounted. oil

a horizontal shaft 210. This horizontal shaft (210) is carried in 211 in the hori' zontel slide and termmates at 212 in a squared end tfor the reception of a crank handle, whereby the vertical slide r saddle 108 may be operated by hand. The upper 1) these reversing dons 200 are adapted to cooperate with a` and ada end of the vertical lead screw 204 carries a bevel gear 213 cooperating with a-bevel pin- 'ion 214 se'curedon a'horizontal-v shaft rotatably mounted in the bracket orfcasting 205 at the`top of the column in'whichthe lead screw'204 is journaled. This last mentioned shaft is connected to a short shaft (correm a magnetic-.clutch casng215- and operated by a slidablys'plined armature disc cooperating with a pair of motor, (motorat 216) .spending to' shaft 137 in Fig. 6) mounted driven magnetic clutches 217, indicated in A.wiring diagram Fig. 24. This ma etic clutch drive mechanism substantian of -the .same design,

. construction and m e of operation as t at previously described (Fig. 6) -in connectionwith, and' forjthe o ration of, the column slide-105, and, nee again described in detail.- Or the drive of the vertlcal lead screw, by the'clutch m may be the same as that hereinafter escri for the. transverse 'movement and shown in `theclutch case'215 ofthe etic clutches, operating the verticallead screw 204, there is mounted -a small 'casing 218' (F1 s. 1', 3 and 5) containing a feed contac' tor or step by ste vertical feed, correspond# 'ing with, and-of t esame construction asthe' horizontal ste by step feed contacter .17 9, (F1gs. 10 to 12 reviously described in connection' with the rizontal feed mechanism. fhisvertical feed contactar 218, like the horlzontal Afeel contacter 179 isigeared to be-o ratedby the etic clutc armature ft dn the vert1cal-lead'screw 204 (Fig. l).

wi thehorizontalcontactora graduated dial 219 and knurled head 220' are provided for selecting the by step feed It will be understoodY that tlns vertical feed "contactor 218'i adapted tobe'hrou'ght' into operation for controlling upfor down ste byistep feed only. P' The reve contactor 221,1imi travel in either direction, of the fvertic'alshde 108,

.uit

is identical in'construction. and operation to the reve contacter 196, previously described, but 1n this case, the switch lever 222 (corresponding to 197). isiperated by a verticalmovable bar 223 (see 1g. 1) upon which limiting dogs 224 are mounted in position to cooperate with al or linger 225, projecting from the vertical ,'de 3108. The 'reversing' contacter lever 222,'as will be seen in the wir Q or saddle 108 and engaging a nut lon the transverse slide 112, previously described as slidably mounted between the lwall or vertical face 111 of the saddle vand the shelf 109, extending 4from the lower edge thereof. This transverse lead screw 228 1s driven, in either direction, (see Figs. 13-15) by an electric motor 229 operating through magnetic clutches 230 and a clutch armature 231 on a shaft 232 connected to the lead screw 228, through a pinion 233 and gear 234, and since the construction and mode of operat1on of this magnetic clutch mechanism is substani In tially identical with that described in connection with and for operating the horizontal and vertical lead screws, it will, therefore, not be necessary to repeat here, a description of thismechanism. .f The main difference from that shown in Figs. 6 9 are. that the magnetic clutches 230 are driven from the motor 229 through intermediate gears 235, 236, 237,

238 driving the pinion 239; and the clutch magnet brushes 240 are mountedon arms 241 so that they can be swung ,outward by withdrawing the locking pin 242 (Fig. 15).

As stated earlier, the cutter head carrying thecutter spindle 113, is mounted upon the transverse slide 112, which is mounted on the saddle 108 and shelf 109 and movable in and out by the transverse lead screw 228, just described. The cutter head or slide 112 mounted on the transverse slide-Ways 110-111 comprises a rectangular box-like casting 243 (Fig.

.2), provided with a tubular shell 244, which is bored out at 245, approximately through the center, to form the circular slide bearings to carry the main spindle sleeve 246. eV

main spindle sleeve 246 is slidably mounted in the bore 245 in the cutter head and is provided with a longitudinal rack 247, cut directly thereon, which meshes with a spur pinion 248, the latter being rotatably mounted for adjusting the spindle in and out. The spindle sleeve 246 carries a taper bushing 249 at each end, forming bearings for the cutter spindle 113 which is rotatably mounted therein. The rear end of the cutter Spindle, thatV is, the end towardthe Work supporting plate or bracket, is provided with the usual taper hole for the reception of taper shanks'of various cutters 114mills or other cutting tools that are requiredin the ope-ration of the machine. The other or forward endof the cutter spindle extends considerably beyond the end of the spindle sleeve 246 and is' provided with a feather 250 extending 'along the spindle for several inches, so as to permit adjustment of the spindle and spindle sleeve' fore and aft, of the hcad,`by'means'of the pinion 248'and rack 247 associated with the sleeve, as previously described.

The feathered end. of the cutter spindle extends into a sleeve gear 251, carried in suitable bearings 252. at the Vfront end of the head casting 243, the sleeve gear 251 being provided with a key-way engaged by the feather 250 on the end ofthe spindle 113. This sleeve gear is driven by means of a spur pinion 253 rotating u on a stud 254, the spur pinion being, )rovi ed with a hub 255, having a slot and rey for the reception of one of various change gears, 256. Another stud257, also mounted on the head casting parallel to the first mentioned stud 254, carries a similar spindle .'Spurgear 258 with a hub or sleeve 259 havm0 a seat for another change gear 260 adaptc for cooperation with the previously mentioned change gear 256. The spur gear 258 carrying this second sleeve engages directly with a pinion 261 on the shaft 262 of the motor 117, for driving the cutter 1 14;the motor,

as previously described being mounted upon the stop of the aforementioned rectangularbox-shaped head casting 243, (see Figs. 1,2 and 3).- All of these parts, therefore, move with the transverse slide 112, in and out of the saddle 108, when the transverse lead screw 228 is operated. It will thus be Seen that the cutter spindle 113 is driven by the motor 117 on the transverse slide through the intermediate pinion, spur change gears and the feather connection 250-of the spindle with the sleeveI gear 251.

As previously stated, the transverse slide 112 fon the saddle 108 vcarries a'tracer supporting bracket 115 (Figs. 1, 2 and 3) secured to the spindle head casting 243. rlhis bracket is provided with a vertically adjustable slide 263 directlyabove the cutter spindle and adjust-ably mounted upon this slide is another slide or bracket 264, in which is secured an electric tracer 265 for controlling the move` ments of the cutter head. The cutter and tracer being thus mountedto move in unison, it will be understood that, since the machine is provided with the three motions previously described; that is, horizontal, vertical and llo transverse; the tracer (point 116) operating.

over a model or pattern, can be made to fol ,low any three dimensional surface, and the cutter (114) moving in unison therewith, will reproduce the surfaceof the model or pattern in the work. l

Various operations ofthe machine may be controlled from -a switch board 266, shown in Fig. 3 as mounted upon the slide 112. The switches 267 are, preferably, of the push-button type, but for clearness they are shown conventionally in Fi g. 24. The switches and various circuits, controlled thereby will be more fully described later.

. Operation of the machine under the control of the tracer will be best understood by describing the mechanism of the electric sures along the axis of the tracer spindle 268,'

tracer 'control' ofthe machine. The tracer "265,

spindle.

265 in connection with its operative which, as previously pointed out,.is'mounted u on the tracer bracket 115.on the transverse. -sl1de'112, above the cutter. splndle 113, 1n

sucha mannerthatthe axes of the cutterand vtracer lie in thefsame verticalvpl'ane.A The tracer 265 (see Fig's. 16`to 20) comprises the` tracer point '116 mounted upon the end of a spindle 268, which is'rnounted 'for unlversal lateral movementof its-endsvby means of ag: 269,4 located near the mlddle of the ball joint v The tracer -sp'mdle- 268, pivoting on the ball joint is supported in asleeve 270 forming part of the body of the tracer. The

.end of the tracer spindle toward the front 'of 'carrying at lts lower end theconicalshaped cu seat 272, is provided withtwo contact omts 277 and 278 mounted upon opposite sides thereof, .front and back, in position to cooperate Vwith contact screws27 9 and '280, respectively, from andrigidly supported on afbracket -plate 281-on the'tracer head 276, andthe other, 280,- in an 'insulatin bushing, isfcarried by asecondary or. oating lever"282, pivoted` at 282* to-a bracket v283 mounted upon but; insulated f romthe tracer head 276, (Fig. 16). The'ront contact 277, is mounted on the front. of the contact carlever 274, that is, on the. opposite `side of the lever from the conical'cup 272,

and the lever is drawn against or Atowards the Jfront contact 279 by means of a suitable spring or springs, such asat 284 andthe sprin 285 thrusting against the lower end f 273 o the lever, and the tension of the respective springs isdjusted by 4suitable screwsA 286 and 287. The spring tension upon this contact lever 274 also holds :the centering conical'seat or cup 272 in contact with the hemispherical end 271 of the tracer spindle 268" and forces the 'spindle longitudinally into its ball seat 288. The ball joint 269 of the spindle is hemispherical and the seat288 is hemispherical merging into a .cylindrical elongation at 289, so as to permit slight lon-4 gitudinal movement of the .tracer Yspindle against the action ofthe spring tension, previously mentioned as operating against the contact lever and holdingthe spindle in itsA seat. v It will thus be seen that longitudinal pres.-

caused by contact of the tracer point 116 wthfthe pattern, will move the spindle one if-which (279) `is insieme This pair of front contacts controlthe circuits 33-35 and 33--36 of the relays 290 and 312, (see Fig. 24), which in their turn control, respectively, the circuits 37;--31 tothe in magnetic clutch and the circuit 32-30 on relay 312. through the respective Wires 18 9.1220 to the horizontaler vertical magnetic clutches. l l

The breaking'of this front contact' (277, 279) will stop the movement of the tracer and cutter toward the ptternand work. Atthe'same time. through they relay 312,'th'e horizontal or vertical motion (which of these motions will depend on the position of the drum switch. 314, described later) is released. Whenl the front .contact 277, 279. is again closed, as Ait is normally the movement of the tracer and cutter will be `inward or toward the work and the verticalor horizontal move- .ment willbe arrested.

" From-the foregoing explanation it be seen'that the horizontal or vertical movement which ever is-in use, is actually under control of the front contact on thentra'cer, through ,the interlock relay-312, thus constituting an electrical interlock between the in 'motion and horizontal or vertical motion;

The second contact 278,7 mounted upon the.

rear of the'contact lever274, as previously eplained,co'operates with a contact 280 on 'the secondary ortloating lever 282, which is back o f the first lever. This back contact 280 is connected, by means of wire 291, to the bindingpost 292 (Fig. 17) and controls the circuits 52-51, in wiring diagram (Fig. 24), of the relay 290, which in turn controls the other of the magnetic clutches 230, designated out in Fig. 24, so'that when the contacts 278,

280 is closed, the vspindle head carrying the.

tracer 265 and cutter 114 will move outward andwithdraw the cutter from the Work. The floating lever 282 carries a secondary contact 293 at its upper end, cooperating with a fixed contact screw 294 passing through an insulating bushing on the bracket plate 281 on the tracer, head; these contacts being opened against the pressure of a spring 295, on theV end of an adjustable limiting screw 295, when the pressure upon the floating lever 282, by the main contact lcver274, (by contact 278 against contact screw 280) becomes excessive .through the motion of the tracer spindle 268. i The circuit through .the lever 282vis completed through screw 31 (Figs. 16 and 18, same as 31 on 265 in Fig. 24) vBreaking these floating lever contacts 293--294'stops motion of' the column slide 105, through circuits 32-31 and 18, as'shown on wiring diagram Fig. 24.

The secondary or floating lever 282 'iso erated by the main contact lcvcr 274 only w en lim lll

lao

trically interlocked.

reverse travel of the transverse -the back contact 278 thereof engages the con-l tact 280 on the floating lever, and since these control.' the.

the column slide 105', it will 'be seen that, by this arrangement, the out transverse motionV and the horizontal motion are thereby elec- The hemispherical tip 271 on the front end of the tracer spindle 268, reviously described as seatedin the liardene .conical cup or seat 272 on the contact lever 274, permits ofanother condition of operation. Thus, if the tpressure is brought to bear upon the tracer point 116, from the' side, the conical cup seat 272 will act as an inclined plane, whereby the lateral movement of the tip'271 will move the lever 27 4,' and force open the front contact 277, 279, for the in movement, as previously described, and stop the motion of the head 112 toward the Work. A little greater side ressure on the tracer point will move .the ever 27 4'stil1 further andcause the reversal of the in motion, by closing the rear contact 278- 280 (on the floating lever 282) and upon con- 7 tinuing this side pressure, the secondary conf tact 2935-294 on the' oatin lever will be opened to stop the motion of t e column slide 105. Suppose the machine to be operating horizontally, then this'opening of the contact 293-294 comes into play only when the tracer point 116 has encountered a wall, or portion of the' model l(B, Fig. 3) that projects at right angles `to the'plane ofthe model and has the surface, encountered by the tracer point, in a plane parallel to the vertical slideway 10T-fof .the column 106, and the tracer and cutter-will tion of the machine as an example. The horizontal travel of the machine is set to cover the 'surface ofthe die', that is, as to its'length, by means of the trip dogs 200, (Fig. l) which, by throwing thereversing contact 196, 197 automatically reverses the travel of the 'colcarrying thei-traccr-and cutter, travels lon- A gitudinallyjin -front ofthe work, the milling cutterjllfgjunder .control of the tracer 265 will move-in' andv outbv movement of the transverse slide' andfdscribe asurface which Y f lowed bythe tracer point A.116.

At botli'-' ends of the horizontal cutting stroke, the' cutter and tracer are moved vertically, either up or down` for the step by step feed, by moving the saddle slide 1 08 a sulficient amount to form the-next cut; the amount of step bystep feed, thus given, being convcoincides with that ofthe model which is foltrolled by thevertical' feed contacter 218' (sameas-shown in Figs; 10 to 12) the setting of `which is 'governed by the cutting ower of the machine or by the degree of' linish 'required. Y In other words, there is a succession of milling cuts in a horizontal direction with a step by step feed in aA vertical direction,

either upwardor downward` untilthe ent-irc Y surface of the -work is machined.

This step by step feeding mechanism 218 is automaticallyplaced in operation, at either end of'thehorizontal travel, by means of the magnetically thrown reversing switch which controls theoperation of the clumnfslide 105, through the-action of the dogs 200,011 the reversing contactor lever 197, (see wiring diagram Fig. 24).-

To make this operationof the' machine clearer, it i's 'desirable to describe the whole reversing and feed mechanism as follows The column-slide clutch magnets 130-131 are controlled by meansof a'ma l etically thrown 'reversing switch 296, i

This switch is the equivalent of a doub e pole, double throw' switch and consists of two plunger-type electro-magnets 297, 298, carry- Vwithdraw from the work, keeping the contact .ing contact plates 299 mounted onthe 'tops with the projecting wall unti clear of it, and of the respective magnet "cofres 300. These will then continue operation on the surface.v '.Cores, and hence the contact plates 299,aren1e If the angle of -this wall, instead of be' 90L` hanically interlocked through a Ylever 301, has a 'draftof 8 or 10, such asis met w1th in -so that1 only one side of the switch may be drop-forge orstamping dies, the actionwillbel closed ata time. Then, when one side of Such that the secondary contact 293,-294on 'the'switch is closed, and one side or the other the floating lever will make a series of momenis always closed, the plate 299 of one core 300 tar contacts, which will cause the column contactswith two copper brushes'6 and .RS1,

sli e to move slightly at each contact and or 9a nd RS2, one of these brushes RSlor by this means contact will be m intained be- Y Rs2) supplying current tothe column slide tween the tracer point 116 and; e model until clutch magnets 130, 131, and the -other brush clear of the projecting wall.

The vgeneral operation in cutting a dievis contacts" of the feed relay- 320, controlling to run the machine so as to move the tracer step by step feed, which is effectedby one or and cutter horizontallyor vertically in a the Aot-her of the vertical feed magnetic (6 or 9) supplying current to theal'nature lea' series of cuts, extending the full length Vor clutches 217 and controlled by the feed con- 'l width of the work. tactor 218, (22 in Fig. 24') The two brushes;

I shall now describe the horizontal opera- 9 of thereversing -switch 296, -sl1pplying current to the step by step feed -relay 02,l

.are connected to the ,two contact bars 6 and 9,

respectively, of the relay"(302);,"so that, as'

the reversing switch is operated from one-.side

. vto -the other,\the 'current to the relay 302, is

f thrown -from' one contact bar to the opposite contact bar. i The relay armature or lever 303,'

` carrying the vcontacts cooperating with the magnet 304. This action will cause the arma# two contact'bars 6 and 9, is operated by the vertical feed contacter 218 (22.in'-Fig. 24) previously described, which controls the circuitto the relay magnet coil 304, and as the feed contactor cams 182 (Figs. 10, 11) rotate, rthe particular cam'182` selected accord-y ing to amount of feed desired at each step, through lits lever 184land contacts A186, 188, will Aalternately make and break this relay circuit. It can be readilyjseen thatwitli the relay 302, in the open position (relay magnet deenergized) and the armature. lever 303 making contact with the outer contact bar .6,

the reversing switch 296 throws the current to the outer contact bar and the machine will feed until the shaft 178 ofthe feed con- `tactor has turned asuicient amount to per-' A mit the feed contacter cam 182,. previouslyselectedto close the circuit through the `'relay ture'303 of the relay to be attracted, thereby breaking the circuit through the, outer -contact bar 6 and stopping the step by step feed.

f This armature (303) contact will remain in contact with the inner contact bar 9 until themachinehas travelled its entire stroke, .then the reversing switch' 296, being'again operated, will throw the current to the inner contact bar 9 and the'feed contactor cam 182 lio will :again revolve-in another feed step until the relaymagnet circuit 23 (Fig.) 24) 'is broken, after which the previouscycle will4 be repeated. v

The magnetically thrown reversing switch 296, just described in connection with the re- 2 4) e two plunger-'type magnets297, 298':

are connected `m series, with. an additional fixed resistance 305 'across the line. Therefore, these two magnetsare carrying current continuously. Under these conditions" this magnetically thrown reversing switch will be closediin either one or the other of the two'- l' positions, ,and, es: previously pointed out,

only one sideof the switch can closed atla I time. j

dll

v'already energized, to throw the reversing bythe adustable'trip dogs A switch over; This momentary short circuit is effected by means ofgcontactors and 8 of the reversing contacter '196 operated ig. v1), as

lay 30%his .operated as lfollowsz-(See In order to. eect theireversal'of this re'- vesing switch 296, itis merely necessary to -short circuit one lof' the' magnet coils 297, ory '298, that is, the one'on the closed side of the u switch. This action .demagnetizes'this lmagnet and permits the other magnet, which is previousl described.' The reversing switch' 296 may' e operatedalso by means'of amomentary contact switch C4 (N1 7 8 von the main control switch board 267 (see ig.124).

.This switch C4 is wired in arallel with-the reversing contactors 7H an 8H and may be used at any time to reverse the machine, at any part of the stroke.

Furthermore, the-step by step feeding mechanism, justdescribed, may be laced in ,'f

operation 'or not, at the desire'of e operator, by means'of'a suitable switch. AIt' will" be understood from the description th'us' far' given that, while vI have descr-.i d the opera- "tion of the machine with travel horizontallytheciitter 11j4-and tracer 265-by motion 'of thetransverseslide 112, i5 limited, for convenience and safety, by two limit switches 307 and 308,(see Figs. 1, 3,5 end circuits 39, 40 and .37,V '.31 in Fig. 24). These llimit switches are mounted, in suitable enclosures, or casings 307 and '308, `supported by/a. bracket 309Y on the saddle castin v108 and operated respectivel Aby adjustab e rods 310 and 311, carried by t ecutter and tracer'slide block 112 (Figs. 1, 3and`5). Combined with these two limit switches 307 and-308 are' two wards the work, at any predetermined point' for which this switch-is set, byadjustin the depth limit rod'311, above mentioned.

which 'has described vwith the tracer, which will. not'permit the columnslide 105 -to move so long as the tracer point llgisfout'of' contact with the work, thus permitting front contact 277 #-27 9 as a result of whic ,it be seenthat if'the motionof the cutterl head"112,.towards the work,is stopped or bythe de th limit 308, 311', the; machine would erative 'from that time on.` In order to'per-l mit the machine to travel after'the motionof thehead (transverse slide 112) .has .been inth limit switch, there is epth-limit switch, an in.

terruptedbyl thede combined withtliis terlockswitch 35,36' 308, .Fig.'24) which permit's'the, column sli eto 'travel 'when the 'head 112 has been'sto ped b 'the de th-limit switch, thisbeinge e'cted y brea ing the' ere' provided, ingconnection'with the tracer', 265, an interlock relay .312the'action.of

Uil

other '19, 32 and35, 36, used-for im'i i terlocking purposes. The d e th limiting switch308 stop the travelo? the head'to-j inopcircuit 36, 3 3 of magnet coil 3130i relay 312.-'

' The outflimit switch 307 for lthe slide operates in a similar-I manner to the chine to withdraw the' head .from the work,

310 opening switch 39,40 of Fig. 24.

automatically, to a (point predetermined by the setting of the' a justable rod 310 of the out-limit switch 307, atl which point thehead will be stopped in its outward travel,;the rod v Combinedwith'this out-limit switch is another switch 19, 32 (Fi 24) known as the high speed Interlock.` This high speedinterlock located in the 807 on the bracket309, Fig. 3,-l vperates 11n conjunction with the highspeed Interlock, 170, 171, see Figs. 8, 9 and 24, the latter operatin7g by means of the high yspeed clutch lever 16 described earlier. Under certain conditions, particularlyon heavy cuts, 1t is desirable to operate the machine so that the cutting is accom lished with the cutter rotating against the irection of travel. This condition necessitates the'rapid return of the Acolumn slide 105 at the end of the cut. The desired slow motion is secured b using the' proper ratio change ears 156, 15 (Fig. 7) in the gear box 154 on t e bed, as described previously; Now, @by the proper setting of the switches 267, as pointed out later, the column slide 105 will travel slo`wly in onedirection, land when it the column slide) has reached the end of its travel, it is automatically reversed by the trip-dog 200 actuating the reversing contactor lever 197. This action, with the proper switches 267 closed, causes the clutch throw magnet 169 to be energized, which throws the jaw clutch spool 160 from the slow speed gear 157 into gear with the high speed gear 130. Immediately this-clutch is thrown, the'liiglil speed interlock 170, which is thrownat the same time, locks out the travel of the column speed side by its spring slide 105 and closes a switch 52, in high speed interlock 1 70, 171, (Fig. 24), whic causes the cutter head to be withdrawn from thework to a safe clearance distance, redetermined by the ,setting of the out linut switch 307. Stoppin the motion of the head b the .out-limit switc 307, at the same time, c oses the high speed interlock switchj19, 32,

mounted on the same bar as the out-limit 'switch 39, 40 (Fig. 24). This interlock switch closes the circuit to the proper one of the clutch ma ets 130, 131, Previous1 se-V lectcd by setting of the proper switc in' switch board 267, operatingthe horizontal lead screw 163, andpermits the column slide 105 to rapidly return to the int where the cut was started. Upon st 'ng the other trip dog. 200 at the end of this high speed return stroke, the machine is reversed; the hi hspeedclutch magnet 169 is v deenergized; t e jaw clutch spool 160-is returned tothe. slow 168,-;.the interlock` switch 170 returns to' its normal position;

and the cutter head 112.trave1s in, to apoint l where the tracerpoint 116 will againxcontact again take an automatically controlled #cut` across the work.

The control of this machine is entirely elec- I `trical, and in vorder that the followin'gex` tionof principles and operatlons is desirab e. The clrcuits, as shown in Fig. ,24, may bedivided into two classes; control circuits, and operating circuits. The term control circuits is understood to include all low otential, direct current circuits (12 to 15 vots). These control circuit'soperate through all the relay magnet coils, except the series brake relay 142A. The control circuits also include all `of thcl tracer circuits, exceptI circuit 32--31 on the automatic tracer 265, (Fig. 24). Likewise', the circuits through the feed contactors 179 and 218; manual control switches 267 (Fig. 24) such as S1, S2, C1,

51-13 of switch C2, circuit 35-36 of depth limit switch 308; and circuits 52 to4 ground and 33-,51 of the high speed interlock 17 0-17 1, also comes under this head.

The term operating circuits is understood to include all circuits at standard lightf ing voltage (115 volts, direct current). These operating circuits, operate through the'armature circuits of all relays; through the circuit 32-31-of automatic tracer 265; through all magnetic clutches; through brake 142; clutch throw magnet 169, and coils 297 and 298 of reversing switch 301; and obvious ly, through all circuits not designated as ontrol circuits.

The currentsupply to the control circuits is shown at B, .on controlswitch board, 267

(Fig. A24), as connected to one side of abattery or other source of low potential current,

'the other side of which is connected to ground at G'.

1n this connection it should be e'x lained ofa connection to the earth, butas a connection completing the circuit through the frame fthatthe term ground is not used in e sense lll) of the'machine.` Thus, all' the conventionally shown groundedconnections in Fig. 24, are connected to any convenientplace on the ma.- chine. Therefore, -it will be seen that, if the ground (G),,.at the source ofthe low poten-A tial` oontrol circuits, l is negative, -and vthe switch C2 is closed, the circuitis, com leted by theconnection of any wire, conn. wire 51, to any uninsulated art of the mamore clear, one control circuitwi1lbetraced. i

Close switch C2i(seemFig. 24). Also close switch S1, 52, 4to ground. yThe posltlon of with chine. In other words, un er these condif v s with the model, after which the machine will the control circuit, as previously indicated, `1w 

